1. The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is
A. widening. B. remaining constant.
C. decreasing. D. zero.
E. negative
2. The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy
A. level of development. B. gross domestic product.
C. productivity. D. value added.
E. development
3. Per capita means?
A. for each person B. the number of countries below the poverty level
C. the distribution of wealth within a country D. the spatial distribution of global wealth
E. the level of industry within a country
4. An example of a third sector activity is
A. education. B. manufacturing.
C. mining. D. retailing.
E. shipping
5. The primary sector includes all but which of the following?
A. manufacturing B. assembly
C. refining D. transportation construction
E. processing
6. The small percentage of population involved in agriculture in Holland most likely indicates that
A. the country imports most of its food.
B. the country is a post-industrial society
C. most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
D. the country exports most of its food
E. most people must produce food for their own survival.
7. The value of a product compared to the amount of labor required to make it
A. gross domestic product. B. value added.
C. tertiary sector. D. gross national product
E. productivity.
8. Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development?
A. infant mortality rate B. crude death rate
C. age structure D. natural increase rate
E. both B and D
9. Petroleum reserves in the Middle East are
A. clustered primarily in the Persian Gulf states.
B. dispersed throughout the region.
C. concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.
D. primarily in Saudi Arabia.
E. clustered primarily along the Red Sea
10. According to Rostow's development model, the process towards economic maturity happens when
A. a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.
B. an elite group initiates innovative activities.
C. take-off industries achieve technical advances.
D. workers become skilled and specialized and technology diffuses to many industries.
E. per capita GDP exceeds $5,000
11. According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify which of its following assets?
A. abundant agricultural products
B. high quality manufactured goods
C. imports to be limited
D. low cost distribution networks
E. none of the above
12. The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
A. overdevelopment of LDCs
B. increased price of petroleum.
C. regional cooperation.
D. unequal distribution of resources.
E. increased demand for many goods.
13. In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development
A. begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.
B. This system tries to ensure that rural areas are roughly equal to urban areas in terms of developing
C. India is an example of this kind of country which spreads investment equally among economic sectors.
D. focuses on one industry to begin development
E. Both B and C
14. The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote
A. balanced growth of all economic sectors.
B. global competitiveness for local industries.
C. the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.
D. unequal distribution of resources.
E. the dependency theory
15. Around the early 1800s, the distribution of industry was
A. clustered in several key areas. B. concentrated in one geographic area/region.
C. dispersed. D. randomly distributed.
E. all of the above
16. Eastern North America is the continent's manufacturing center in part because it has access to the continent's
A . largest markets
B. most extensive sources of essential raw materials.
C. best-maintained transportation systems.
D. all of the above
E. both A and C
17. Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to
A. avoid labor unions.
B. minimize production costs inside the plant.
C. minimize transport costs.
D. identify unique characteristics of a particular location.
E. increase bulk-reducing industries
18. The location of a maquiladora plant is a good example of the importance of
A. product size determining a location
B. labor costs and government restrictions determining a location
C. Post-Fordist production.
D. break-of-bulk points.
E. both a and b
19. A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near
A. break-of-bulk points.
B. consumers.
C. raw materials.
D. suburbs.
E. markets
20. Copper mining is an example of
A. perishable industry.
B. specialized industry.
C. bulk-gaining industry.
D. communications-oriented industry.
E. bulk-reducing industry
21 Google is much more likely than a toy company to
A. be footloose B. go out of business C. need more capital.
D. need to stay in a core country E. need to relocate to a peripheral country
22. Demand for many industrial goods in more developed countries has been stagnant in recent years, in part because of
A. low prices for many goods.
B. market saturation.
C. rapid population growth.
D. substantial salary increases.
E. lack of labor
23. By subsidizing industries such as steel and textile, governments contribute to the global problem of
A. lower prices B. stagnation
C. lower consumer demand. D. oversupply.
E. both a and d
24. Transnational corporations have transferred some work to less developed countries because of access to
A. government subsidies. B. union labor.
C. markets. D. raw materials.
E. labor
25. In contrast to Fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to
A. be repetitive B. place more importance on site factors.
C. assign each worker one task. D. dominate transnational corporations.
E. introduce more flexible work rules.
26 NAFTA changed what type of function of our border?
A. operational B locational C situational D linguistic E Girastic
27. What two features best characterize the changes caused by the Industrial Revolution?
A. service industries and information processing
B. technological innovation and less job specialization
C. improved farm implements and the development of hybrid seeds
D. higher literacy rates and decreased population doubling time
E. well-equipped professional armies to colonize other countries and population increase
28. Which of these statements about core-periphery relationships is correct in characterizing the global economic system?
A. It works to the advantage of periphery countries
B. It works to the disadvantage of core countries
C. It works to the advantage of both core and periphery countries
D. It works to the disadvantage of periphery countries
E. It is irrelevant in a complex worldwide economic system
29. An industry is least likely to be footloose if
A. transport costs have little bearing on location
B. transport costs are not a function of the industry
C. the industry requires some infrastructure
D. labor is from the 4th job sector
E. labor is intensive
30. Which of the following is not typically defined as one of the four key determinants of development?
A. Per capita GDP B. Literacy rate
C. physical environment D. Life expectancy
E. Amount of education
31. Purchasing power parity refers to
A. the goal of reforming trade to make it more equitable
B. a monetary measurement that takes into account what money actually buys
C. subsidies used to strengthen home industries
D. Making corporations pay equally for all items they use
E. Making all items equal in price and all salaries equal
32. People are more productive in more developed countries because they
A. are better workers than anyone in LDCs
B. have access to more technology.
C. have a higher value added per person than could ever be possible in an LDC.
D. are better educated than all LDC people.
E. live longer
33. The number of women on the right side of a population pyramid versus the left would be most relevant to which
A. The Gender-Related Development Index
B. The Human Development Index
C. The Gender Empowerment Measure
D. Rostow’s development model
E. The international trade approach
34. Assumptions in Rostow’s development model include all of the following except
A. the world is the same as when MDCs moved through the model
B. every country will move from step 1 through step 5
C. LDCs do not face additional barriers due to a crowded field
D. development somewhere requires underdevelopment somewhere else
E. both B and D
35. A transnational corporation
A. operates in countries other than the one in which its headquarters are established
B. has the potential to be more economically powerful than a sovereign state
C. takes advantage of global production networks
D. allows corporations to take advantage of the full range of geographical variations in costs
E. all of the above
36. A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a
A. bulk-reducing industry. B. perishable industry.
C. site factor. D. specialized manufacturer.
E. capital issue
37. Since 1980, new U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the
A. Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.
B. Northeast, to minimize access to the largest market.
C. Sunbelt, to minimize labor costs.
D. West, to minimize access to Japan.
E. Southeast, where labor is cheap
38. Industrial areas outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of
A. access to markets. B. access to raw materials.
C. break-of-bulk points. D. site factors.
E. situation factors
39. All of the following are examples of perishable products except
A. daily newspaper B. milk
C. steel D. all of the above are perishable products
E. both A and B
40. Of the three steps of textile production, which is more dependant on situation factors?
A. Spinning B. Weaving C. Sewing D. all equally dependant E. none are dependant
41. Which of the following explains why the most basic industrial problem on a global scale is a gap between the world demand for products and the world capacity to supply them?
A. Stagnant demand B. Increased capacity worldwide
C. Expanding markets D. Lack of surplus
E. both A and B
42. The most significant benefit of EPZs for LDCs is
A. the influx of foreign-owned businesses
B. improved jobs skills for workers
C. creation of employment opportunities
D. money made from tariffs
E. high wages
43. Which of the following are negative aspects of EPZs?
A. Components are not locally purchased
B. LDC must provide infrastructure
C. Concessions often outweigh benefits
D. Low wage jobs
E. All of the above
44. Building an assembly line plant next to a manufacturing plant to take advantage of infrastructure and other factors already in place is an example of
a least cost theory
b agglomeration
c variable costs
d deglomeration
e all of the above
45. This job sector is the least likely to create other jobs
a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5
46. This is likely to happen and to cause an increase in jobs and an increase in environmental damage
a agglomeration of primary sector jobs
b agglomeration of secondary sector jobs
c agglomeration of tertiary sector jobs
d post industrialism
e the development of service sector jobs
47. Which region is likely to be going through the process of deindustrialization
a Africa
b continental Asia
c Western Europe
d South America
e Central America
48. The main difference between Ghana and South Korea in the 1950s (which led to South Korea developing and Ghana to stay still economically)
a South Korea was a post industrial country getting 3rd, 4th and 5th sector jobs
b Ghana relied on primary sector jobs
c Ghana was a nation-state
d South Korea started getting second sector jobs
e none of the above
49. A call center and its workers as opposed to a high skill manufacturing factory and its workers is going to have
a less disposable income
b lower multiplier effect
c less chance of agglomeration
d a higher chance of being footloose
e all of the above
50. What are most likely the McDonald factors that will allow a country to develop and get factories
a disposable income, stability, infrastructure, a high multiplier effect
b stability, disposable income, infrastructure, deglomeration
c stability, disposable income. infrastructure, clean water, post-fordism
d stability, disposable income. infrastructure, clean water, a high GDI
e stability, disposable income. infrastructure, clean water, a relatively high HDI
51. This refers to the hazards of transportation as distance increases and increases difficulties
a variable costs
b deglomeration
c least cost theory
d distance decay
e friction of distance
52. The fact that many cars for America are made in Mexico and many toys in China is an effect of
a least cost theory
b distance decay
c friction of distance
d central place theory
e all of the above
53. Which industry are the most likely to relocate from a core to a peripheral country
a intensive low-skill industrial labor
b intensive high-skill industrial labor
c post industrial work
d service sector jobs
e primary sector jobs
54. Which job sector have peripheral countries now started to take and core countries to lose
a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5
55. This is an example of a country that is semi-peripheral
a Brazil
b Bolivia
c Japan
d Sri Lanka
e Rwanda
56. According to the core-periphery model
a this mode started with colonization and the peripheral countries import primary sector goods
b during colonization core countries imported secondary sector goods
c core countries colonized the regions of South America, Asia and Africa for primary sector goods
d peripheral countries are now taking on second sector jobs as witnessed in most sub-Saharan African countries
e both c and d
57. The biggest longevity gaps are most likely between countries in which regions
a countries with many second sector jobs and those with post-industrial jobs
b countries with second sector jobs in stage 3 versus those with primary sector jobs in stage 2
c countries in stage 3 versus those of stage 4 in the demographic transitions
d countries in stage 2 with other countries also within that stage
3 none of the above
58. This development indicator would be the most likely to take note of the fact that women in Saudi Arabia do not drive
a GDI
b GEI
c HDI
d GGI
e all would take note equally of this factor
59. HDI primarily takes note of these three factors
a literacy, gender gap, income
b purchasing power parity, empowerment, literacy
c standard of living, purchasing power parity, income
d GDP, GNP, standard of living
e literacy, standard of living, longevity
60. This is a recent development within industries in part thanks to globalization
a just-in-time delivery
b break of bulk point
c bulk reducing industries
d bulk gaining industries
e gaining of second sector jobs in core countries
61. A Japanese executive that owns a Mexican factory that gets its raw materials from Africa and whose target market is America competing against factories in China (with raw materials coming from Vietnam to China) owned by American executives best exemplifies
a deglomeration
b multiplier effect
c the core periphery model
d global division of labor
e all of the above
62. Stop crying and mark A for a free point
