Dangerously Cheesy

I was just browsing the web and saw this. Enjoy.

Mon May 28, 2:37 PM ET

LONDON (AFP) - Dozens of madcap competitors risked their necks on Monday for a shot at glory in one of Britain's most barmy annual events -- chasing a rolling cheese down a steep hill.

Around 3,000 spectators gathered in the rain to roar on the cheese-chasing daredevils who stumbled and tumbled down Cooper's Hill in Brockworth, southwest England.

They raced for 200 metres down the dangerously steep slope after the wheel-shaped Double Gloucester.

Jason Crowther from Pembrokeshire, west Wales, won the first of the five bone-crunching races to complete a hat-trick of victories over the last three years.

"There's no training you can do for this," said the battered 25-year-old, proudly clutching the seven-to-eight pound (3-3.5 kilogramme) cheese.

"You have just got to go for it. It was a bit slippery and I heard something crack, which I think was my knee. But there aren't any tactics involved as you can probably see."

While the winners keep the cheese, race runners-up get 10 pounds for their trouble, with a five-pound note the reward for a third-placed finish.

Psychologist Jemima Bullock, 33, from Wellington, New Zealand, won the ladies' race.

"It was a bit slippy out there but I think that actually helped. I guess you've got to be a bit mad to do this," she said as she nursed her bloodied knee.

Oddball Japanese television personality Daisuki Miyazaw, 34, claimed second place in one race.

Seemingly dazed, he said: "We are strong, but it hurts so much," before hobbling off for medical treatment.

Brockworth's very own Chris Anderson won the final race.

"I don't even like cheese much," admitted the grinning 19-year-old.

Twenty people were treated for minor injuries, paramedics said, down from 34 last year.

"No-one was knocked out and most of the injuries we treated were for cuts and bruises and sprains," said Paul Jones, from the St John Ambulance charity.

Organiser Richard Jeffries said: "There are various people who would liked to see it stop, but it's an ancient British tradition that's gone on for centuries and we would like to see it continue."

The unusual event is thought to have its roots in a heathen festival to celebrate the return of spring.

Extra Credit

1. Read one of the following books 100-150 pages:
Collapse
End of Poverty
How Soccer Explains the World
The Google Story
Globalization and its Discontents
2. Write a review of the chapters you read and explain how they relate to the concepts you read in class. Evaluate the quality of the book based off of your now expert opinion. Explain which sections would be useful for the class next year (could be a chapter or a set of pages or nothing if you thought the book bad)

just a fun article

http://gristmill.grist.org/skeptics
If you are like me, and is always arguing with skeptics about global warming, this wide range article provides proof for every possible the "non-believers" might come up with.

Folk Culture to the Extreme!

Mauritanians question the 'fat' look

By Pascale Harter BBC Radio 4's Crossing Continents

As Mauritanian nomads drift to the city, modern life is beginning to challenge one of their most cherished traditions - the force-feeding of young girls.

Under a patchwork tent in Kiffa, on the western edge of the Sahara desert, a nomadic woman called Braika crossed two sticks around my ankles and squeezed the ends together with rope until I yelped in pain.

She was showing me how she forced her daughters to swallow litres of milk and mountains of couscous for days on end until they developed wings of fat hanging from their arms and their skin was traced with silvery stretch-marks - attributes considered the height of feminine beauty in Mauritania.

"They eat and eat, and drink and drink, and when they can't eat anymore we pinch them and sometimes they vomit," Braika said.

"When they vomit on purpose, we make them eat the vomit to teach them not to do it again."

A thin girl will never find a husband Braika

Braika proudly wobbled her flabby arms and showed off her own stretch-marks.

She did not feel guilty about force-feeding her daughter.

She assured me that once the ordeal was over the girls were grateful, because nicely fattened up they could take their pick of husbands.

"A thin girl could be blown away in the wind, people think she is a stick and she will never find a husband," she said.

Nomads believe a fat girl is a healthy girl.

But in reality, obesity has reached epidemic proportions among Mauritanian women and it is killing them.

Barely into their 40s, fattened women are dying from obesity-related diseases such as diabetes and heart failure.

Government warnings

Mounina Mint Abdalla is a health consultant who worked for years with the government trying to stamp out force-feeding.

But she acknowledged that government radio sketches warning women of the dangers of obesity have had little effect on a society where fatness is revered as a symbol of nobility and good breeding.

Nonetheless, force-feeding and the nomadic way of life is fast disappearing, said Mounina.

"The country has been hit by years of drought and we simply don't have that kind of quantity of milk now, or the time it takes," she added.

Zeid, a nomad in the market town of Aleg, said he was thinking of trading his last remaining goats and camels for a passage to the city.

"We are in deep crisis," he said.

"The price of the food is becoming so high, that we can't afford to feed ourselves, and for this reason we cannot feed the animals.

"The only thing we can do is move to the city."

Quick fix

In the market in the capital Nouakchott, Mounina pointed to all the women working in the stalls selling everything from brightly coloured veils to fake Chanel sunglasses.

"Just 15 years ago, women didn't work at all but now all these women are working because life in the city is very expensive," she said.

But despite this, women are still finding ways of fattening themselves up.

A pill-seller said he could not count the number of women who buy steroids meant for cattle.

"Some come and buy 20 boxes in one go," he said.

But if force-feeding creates problems for women in later life, the cattle steroids can be an instant killer.

Side-effects include renal failure and heart attacks.

Dr Maagouiya, the general surgeon at Nouakchott's main hospital said that without autopsies - which are not permitted in Mauritania - he cannot be sure how many lives the steroids have claimed but he believes the figure is high.

They tell me that if they lose weight their husbands will leave them Dr Maagouiya, general surgeon

Yet mothers still come to him to request pills for their daughters, believing that thin girls are shameful because they look "sick".

To be "sick" is often a euphemism for having HIV/Aids in Africa.

The message is getting through to some Mauritanian women, like Mounina's nieces who have started exercising around the stadium as the sun goes down.

But they seemed to be doing it reluctantly and said they were trying to lose weight purely for health reasons, not because it would make them more attractive.

Dr Mougiya said he encounters the same attitude when he holds seminars trying to persuade obese women to slim down.

"They tell me that if they lose weight their husbands will leave them because everyone knows that in Mauritania men prefer a fat woman."

Global influences

One thing is finally beginning to shake up popular attitudes to fatness - the explosion of Arab satellite channels obliterating the monopoly held until recently by the state channel.

It was a big moment in Mounina's house when I visited - it was the final of Star Academy, the talent music show by the Lebanese music channel LBC.

Mounina's teenage daughters told me they do not want to be fat like their cousins who are only a few years older then them.

They said they want to be "a normal size" like the Lebanese pop stars.

"Now Mauritanian men are looking at Lebanese singers and starting to compare them with us," said 19-year-old Aicha.

"They look at their wives and say 'why aren't you like those singers?' There are some who've got divorced because of those Lebanese singers.

"The men say to their wives 'why are you fat, why aren't you like Britney Spears?"

The lifestyle in Mauritania is changing fast - donkey carts and fruit stalls in Nouakchott are giving way to fast-food restaurants.

In "Burger Hot" I met a group of men who were not sure that Mauritania's love affair with thin men and fat women is completely over.

"If you're an overweight man, women make jokes about you. They say that you look like a woman.

"But if you tell them to lose weight they don't believe you.

"They say you are out of your mind, that you are trying to trick them because they know men here don't like thin ladies."

But another man said that no matter how many images of slimmer women are beamed into Mauritanian living rooms, former nomads are too set in their ways to ever fully accept a foreign standard of beauty.

BBC Radio 4's Crossing Continents was broadcast on Thursday, 26 April 2007 at 1102 BST.

Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/6591835.stm

PRACTICE TEST

mr.lewis said we could take the practice test home and send in our results...but how does he want this done? can someone please explain this to me...thanks and good luck studying =)

some stats for you...

I know what you're thinking...where have I been? Okay, so you probably didn't care, but honestly, when's the last time you saw that pathetic excuse of a blog monster anyway? And although tumbleweeds are mildly amusing, I saw no other signs of life in my inbox.

Okay, so I updated my page with some links to history sites for some quick look-overs as well as how to find the scoring guidelines on the college board site, and I came up with some encouraging stats for you about the test you're taking tomorrow:

75 multiple choice questions right? (don't dread yet!)
3 free-response (usually -_-)

To get at least a 3 a score is generally (I use that term loosely) around 50-80 points
minus 1/4 for each question wrong (I know, where am I getting at right?)

-you could answer(guess) all of the multiple choice (though I DO NOT recommend it) get half wrong (about 38) and still rack up 27 to 28 points (maybe half way there, but you're relying heavily on your free-response after that)

-you could answer 2/3 (50) of the mult. choice and get around 10 wrong and still get almost 37 points. Get around 20 wrong and you still got 25 points.

-you could answer 1/2 (around 38) of the mult. choice, get 10 wrong, and still have almost 26 points

After that, the free-response makes up the points. Each is worth around 8-10 points so you looking at a possible 24-30 points. I'm sure Lewis and Ms. Schencker have told you this kind of stuff before, but I'll repeat it again:

-if they say give 2 reasons, give at least 5 (if 3, 7 etc.)
-if they want you to explain something, explain from at least 2 different viewpoints
- if you have absolutely no clue (it happens, don't worry about it) write down what you know about the subject WITHOUT rambling. Don't sound desperate, just try to work it out with what you know.
-remember all the vocab you had to define? USE IT! But KNOW what they mean!
-don't contradict yourself on accident (common mistake)
-points are given for parts of the questions, so try not to leave anything blank on the free-response, you might earn a needed point here or there

-Another fact: I read through about *ahem!* 2 chapters of the Barron's book for this class and still passed...

-MOST IMPORTANT: DON'T STRESS! Come on, really, is whether or not you get credit for a Human Geography class really going to affect you so drastically?

My webpage is: www.xanga.com/blogmonstersucks

That's all I've got for ya! Good luck! See ya before finals (hee hee hee...)!
Sincerely,
Princess Toadstool
Peach

Hey this looked interesting...

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Strokes are most common in Mississippi and other Southern states and least in Connecticut, according to a report providing the first U.S. state-by-state accounting of the third-leading cause of American deaths.
ADVERTISEMENT

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, issued on Thursday, also showed that blacks are nearly twice as likely as whites to suffer a stroke, and better educated people are far less likely to have one.

The findings were based on a survey of more than 350,000 Americans to estimate the percentage of people in all 50 states over age 18 who have had a non-fatal stroke. Nationwide, the figure was 2.6 percent, an estimated 5.8 million people. Similar trends have been found in studies of stroke mortality.

The prevalence of stroke ranged from 1.5 percent in Connecticut to 4.3 percent in Mississippi, the report found.

"It's clear that the South has the highest prevalence of stroke,"
CDC epidemiologist Jonathan Neyer, the report's lead author, said in a telephone interview.

Neyer said states with the highest prevalence tended to have people with more major risk factors for stroke, including obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels and diabetes.

Regional differences also are affected by poverty, diet, exercise, and access to health care, the report said.

A stroke happens when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. Brain cells start to perish within minutes.

STROKE DISABILITY

Stroke is a leading cause of disability in the United States, killing more than 160,000 people annually. Only heart disease and cancer kill more.

After Mississippi, the states with the highest prevalence were: Oklahoma (3.4 percent), Louisiana (3.3 percent), Alabama and Nevada (3.2 percent), Tennessee, Missouri and Kentucky (3.1 percent), Arkansas, Illinois, Michigan, Texas and West Virginia (3.0 percent).

After Connecticut, states with the lowest prevalence were: Colorado and Minnesota (1.7 percent), North Dakota (1.8 percent), Wisconsin and Wyoming (1.9 percent), and Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Vermont (2.1 percent).

The highest stroke prevalence was found in among American Indians and Alaska Natives, at 6 percent. At 1.6 percent, Asian Americans had the lowest rate.

Prevalence of stroke in blacks (4 percent) was far higher than in whites (2.3 percent). The report said blacks have a much higher prevalence of high blood pressure and diabetes and are less likely to have them treated than whites.

College graduates had much lower stroke prevalence (1.8 percent) than those who had not completed high school (4.4 percent).

Neyer said stroke prevalence has remained relatively unchanged in the United States. He said there also has been a fairly stable stroke mortality rate, although the annual number of stroke deaths has declined slightly over the past decade or so due to factors like treatment advances.

"So people are dying of stroke maybe at an older age than they were a few years back," Neyer said.

LAST THOUGHTS

Study hard and study those exams and see what you did right or wrong. Study your GRA and model handout sheets and then move on from there. Definitely check out the blog and see what the month of May has to offer . Tons of good posts this month. Remember there are three essays and 75 multiple choice but read the directions and make sure you have answered all questions.

Study a map of Africa and just skim it over so you know the countries do not spend a ton of time on this. But just make sure you know roughly where things are at.

Good Luck and check out the class website, the galleries and definitely the AP exams that is at the bottom of the handout page as well as this blog. There is a ton of useful stuff that I have posted and grades have gotten higher on the second practice exams by those who studied material on the blog and who now have more experience with the exam.

Good Luck

Lewis

Urban Qs

1. The major difference in past times versus current times and growth of cities
-happening much quicker and the population size is much larger
2. What two features allow cities to form
-agricultural surplus and social stratification also known as job specialization. the surplus in food allowed for having a lower percentage of people farm so they could take on different jobs and live in clusters / cities
3. Why did so many cities form during the second agricultural revolution
-the second agri rev was a product of the industrial revolution and the new machines added to farming meant that even fewer people needed to farm while at the same time the new factory machines meant that more people were needed to live close together near factories in cities
4. Another terms for the area that a city has an influence over in terms of services (besides hinterland)
-trade area
5. How does the central place theory help to explain city growth
-cities that are already central will continue to grow and offer more and more and higher and higher end services.
6. The division of a city into regions for certain purposes is known as
-zones or functional zones
7. What is an edge city
- a far off suburb that now offers many of the same services of a city and even has job centers and smaller level skyscrapers
-edge cities / see your handout on this for more details
8. Does central place theory take into account the idea of edge cities forming
-yes- an area far off would naturally build up to make up for the long distance from the city
9. What does an urban realm refer to
-this is the idea / model that cities and their surrounding area is made up of components and each component is its own realm that is in many ways separated economically, socially and politically but still remains linked to and helps for the larger metropolitan network. The term urban realm is used to describe a component or section of a city area
10. What is the biggest difference in the landscape between the squatter area and the situ accretion area that is slightly further in.
a the people in the situ accreation zone are much wealthier
b the buildings in the squatter area are spaced further apart
c the buidlings in the situ accreation zone are more permanent
d the buidlings in the situ acc zone take delviery of services
e none of the above
11. The disamenity sector tends to be controlled and regualted by
-gangs and druglords
12. Where is this area
-near industries and away from the spine
13. what new phenonemon has struck Latin American cities and is a sign of a growing wealthy class
-gentrification
14. The spine of a Latin American city is usually this and offers this
-a central boulevard that goes done the area where all the wealthy live and offers shops, restaurants, parks and entertainment services that the wealthy desire
15. The world fastest growing cities are also in the area of the world that is the least urbanized. Which region is it
Africa
Asia
Americas
Europe
16. What is the other region that has cities growing nearly as fast
Asia
17. What are three major influences on an African city's CBD
-colonial / transitional aka informal business center (curbside stalls and or store fronts) / and thirdly a sometimes periodic market zone (I am unsure as to what this is but think it means a market for foods etc - this is also informal)
18. Most likely Where would most vertical growth be in an African city
-the old colonial area usually changes first and gets more skyscrapers first- the far outside area of an African city is usually ringed with squatter settlement townships
19. Asian cities tend to center around this
-old colonial port and the commercial area around it
20. African cities and Latin American cities are less likely to very unlikely to have these rules for land use
-zoning laws
21 what icty in america does not have zoning laws
-only houston
22 the biggest commonality between african and latin american is
-disparity between the rich and the poor that exists in all of their cities
23 what type of economy dominates favelas, barrios aka squatter areas
-informal - the economy that is not taxed and not totally legit
24 term that means an area of the city dominated by consumer goods and advertizing and entertainment
-spaces of consumption
25 cities that function at the global scale and do trade and interact at a global level
-world cities

Important to remember FOR THE MULTIPLE CHOICE

On the practice exam we had you guys guess on all of the questions FOR THIS PART THEY TAKE OFF POINTS FOR WRONG ANSWERS. ONLY GUESS ON THE REAL EXAM IF YOU CAN NARROW IT DOWN TO THREE CHOICES THAT YOU THINK ARE CORRECT. A POST BELOW EXPLAINS THIS IN FULL DETAIL.

FOR THE ESSAYS, THERE ARE NO POINTS OFF FOR INCORRECT INFO BUT OTHER RULES APPLY, SEE THE HINTS ABOUT THIS. THE MOST IMPORTANT POINT IS THAT IF THEY SAY NAME TWO WAYS YOU CAN ONLY NAME TWO (THEY TAKE THE FIRST TWO AND ANY LATER EXAMPLES OR WAYS WILL NOT COUNT). YOU CAN HOWEVER EXPAND ON EACH OF YOUR WAYS AND EXPLAIN THEM IN GOOD DETAIL. DO THIS FOR THE ESSAY PART.

Practice Exams

Those practice exams I mentioned in class are on the class website. There is a link on the bottom of the handouts page. The username is lane and the password is tech (all in lower case).

Essays - our hints in practice on past exams

Remember (how our hints work with actual AP questions)

One of the AP questions asked you to define the term Maquialadora. This one was worth three points. Usually definitions are worth one point but in this case it was worth much more. Always take the time to define something in more than one way and/or to expand on your definition. You do not know how much they want or how much they are giving for a question. Also note in this question. Much of the answer for this part was something that could have been repeated for the second part to get points. you can repeat yourself.

One of the AP questions we went over asked students why having a call center in a small southern town was not much of an economic advantage. Some of the answers accepted were common sense, others required a knowledge of vocabulary. This industry is footloose with a low multiplier effect. Each word was a point. You do have to write a sentence for all of your answers but mentioning these vocab words and showing you knew how to use them would get you the points. Other answers were more about logic - these jobs are low skill and tend not to lead to higher paying jobs in the community. YOU NEED TO STOP AND THINK LOGICALLY AND HAVE THE ABILITY TO USE THE PROPER VOCABULARY IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT YOU DO WELL. These questions invariably require more than one answer and always require you to know the vocab or be able to use the vocab and show you know the meaning of the word (by defining it as you use it) withi you answers. EXPAND ON YOUR IDEAS. IN MY EIGHT PERIOD CLASS, SEVERAL STUDENTS MISSED AN ANSWER BECAUSE THEY WERE TO BRIEF. HAD THEY EXPANDED ON THEIR ANSWERS THEY WOUDL HAVE GOTTEN THE POINT. WHEN THEY ASK FOR TWO WAYS GIVE THEM TWO BUT GIVE A FULL EXPLANATION OF EACH OF THE TWO AND EXPAND ON EACH WAY. SO LONG AS YOU DO NOT ACTUALLY START DESCRIBING A DIFFERENT WAY THIS IS FINE. IT IS PROBABLY A GOOD IDEA FOR YOU TO SAY- "THE FIRST WAY IS" AND THEN LATER "THE SECOND WAY" IS AND THEN EXPAND SO THE READER IS CLEAR ON WHAT YOU ARE DOING.


One of your questions asked about population pyramids. This question showed you a pyramid. USE THE PYRAMIDS OR GRAPHS THEY PROVIDE Always use the information they provide. Pay attention to the question and when they ask you to use something, look at the graph, map or whatever and use the information, numbers or whatever is on it within your answer. You can expand on your answer and use material not on the graph but you should always incorporate the map or graph materials IF ASKED.

Essay Hints - Remember to think of this before you answer

1. No. and letter each answer

2. Read the question before and after answering each section

3. Any vocabulary directly mentioned should get defined in two to three differing ways; expand on your definition as much as you can within a reasonable time.

4. When asked about any issue think of the directly relevant vocabulary terms and make sure to use them.

5. Study your vocabulary and know multiple names for the same concept

6. When asked about a model always make sure to define or assign the parts of the model to the appropriate aspect of the question.

7. Think about how the model works when asked to apply it. Think about the various aspects of the model and how you can get as many answers as possible to apply directly to the question (as the question was asked)

8. Study and then use the vocabulary that goes along with the model. Demonstrate a knowldedge of the vocabulary.

9. Feel free to repeat answers for differing aspects of a question. Do it when you feel it directly relates.

10. Study examples for each concept and know several for all or for at least the major ones.

11. Skim through everything we have done and then begin a regimented program of study.

12. Always provide several explanations, discussion points, or definitions. Do more than they ask for (or seem to ask for) because you do not know the rubric.

13. Take a second and think before answering.

14. Think about how the essays went in class and decide how to spend your time (watch?).

15. Reread your answers

16. Get a good night sleep the weekend before and eat breakfast.

17. Erase only when needed.

18. Study historical info related to concepts but only info that is of the 20th and primarily latter 20th century till today.

19. Use differing words for the same concept

20. Study in intervals, with groups and use the blog to help each other when possible.

21. Do not go insane with proof-reading. Do it but this is not an essay.

22. Write as neatly as you can within reason but do not make it a special point of concern

23. This is not an essay just answer the questions directly but you must use sentences and make sure your answers make sense.

24. When you get a map or a graph, make sure to answer questions usign the map or graph and if there are an increments or terms that go with it, use them.

25. Give multiple answers for multiple variables.

26. For answers that limit the number of possible identifications, you can state the I.D. in multiple ways. Quite often when they ask you to explain the I.D., they do not limit the length of your explanation.

Multiple Choice

Remember guess on a question in the multiple choice if you can narrow down your guess to three possible answers.

The math
-.25 for each incorrect answer
+1 for a correct answer
you have four questions in which you have narrowed down the possible answer to three choices

Odds are, you get one right so you will have 3 wrong for a total of -.75 and one correct which will give you a full point. You now end up with +.25 which is better than a zero if you never guessed on any of them. If you happen to beat the odds slightly and get 2 of the four correct you are now well ahead of the game.

More new practice questions added to the end

3) A red string worn on the left hand is believed by Kabbalists to protect the wearer from the Evil Eye. Madonna is wearing a red string on her wrist. What is this an example of?

a assimilation

b neolocalism

c hierarchical diffusion

d cultural appropriation

4) The place where a cultural trait originates is called a

a popular culture

b custom

c fad

d hearth

5) The movement of a people with their animals to the highlands in the summer and the lowlands in the winter is called

a nomadism

b internal migration

c transhumance

d daily commute

6) The belief that your own particular group is superior to others is called

a racism

b egoism

c ethnocentrism

d sexism

7) The Mennonites are an example of a

a material culture

b local culture

c popular culture

d nonmaterial culture

8) The fact that in India there are about 930 women for every 1,000 men illustrates

a female foeticide

b dowry deaths

c gender inequality

d All of the above

9) Increased interactions, deepening relationships, and heightened interdependence on a global scale is called:

a globalization

b human geography

c spatial

d pandemic

10) The "visible imprint of human activity on the landscape" is called

a sequent occupance

b cultural geography

c cultural landscape

d relative location

4. A company that uses more than one mode of transport will locate near

A consumers

B raw materials

C suburbs

D markets

E break-of-bulk point

9. The value of a product compared to the amount of labor required to make it double check this one

A. gross domestic product.

B. value added.

C. tertiary sector.

D. gross national product

E. productivity

10. According to Rostow's development model, the process towards economic maturity happens when

A. a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.

B. an elite group initiates innovative activities.

C. take-off industries achieve technical advances.

D. workers become skilled and specialized and technology diffuses to many industries.

E. per capita GDP exceeds $5,000

12. The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is

A. overdevelopment of LDCs

B. increased price of petroleum.

C. regional cooperation.

D. unequal distribution of resources.

E. increased demand for many goods.

13. In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development

A. begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.

B. This system tries to ensure that rural areas are roughly equal to urban areas in terms of developing

C. Until recently, India was an example of this kind of country which spreads investment equally among economic sectors.

D. focuses on one industry to begin development

E. Both B and C

14. The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote

A. balanced growth of all economic sectors.

B. global competitiveness for local industries.

C. the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.

D. unequal distribution of resources.

E. the dependency theory

15. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the distribution of industry was

A. clustered.

B. concentrated.

C. dispersed.

D. randomly distributed.

E. all of the above

16. Eastern North America is the continent's manufacturing center in part because it has access to the continent's

A . largest markets

B. most extensive sources of essential raw materials.

C. best-maintained transportation systems.

D. all of the above

E. both A and C

17. Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to

A. avoid labor unions.

B. minimize production costs inside the plant.

C. minimize transport costs.

D. identify unique characteristics of a particular location.

E. increase bulk-reducing industries

18. The location of a maquiladora plant is a good example of the importance of

A. product size determining a location

B. labor costs and government restrictions determining a location

C. Post-Fordist production.

D. break-of-bulk points.

E. both a and b

20. Copper mining is an example of

A. perishable industry.

B. specialized industry.

C. bulk-gaining industry.

D. communications-oriented industry.

E. bulk-reducing industry

21. Demand for many industrial goods in more developed countries has been stagnant in recent years, in part because of

A. low prices for many goods.

B. market saturation.

C. rapid population growth.

D. substantial salary increases.

E. lack of labor

22. By subsidizing industries such as steel and textile, governments contribute to the global problem of

A. higher prices.

B. stagnation

C. lower consumer demand.

D. oversupply.

E. job loss.

23. Transnational corporations have transferred some work to less developed countries because of access to

A. government subsidies.

B. labor.

C. markets.

D. raw materials.

E. capital

24. Maquiladoras are possible because of the change in what type of function of our border?

A. operational B locational C situational D linguistic E Girastic

25. What two features best characterize the changes affected by the Industrial Revolution?

A. service industries and information processing

B. technological innovation and specialization

C. improved farm implements and the development of hybrid seeds

D. higher literacy rates and decreased population doubling time

E. well-equipped professional armies and the deployment of nuclear weapons

27. An industry is said to be footloose if

A. transport costs have little bearing on location

B. transport costs determine location

C. power costs determine location

D. borders of a country do make a difference in its location

E. labor costs determine location

28. Purchasing power parity refers to

A. the goal of reforming trade to make it more equitable

B. a monetary measurement that takes into account what money actually buys

C. subsidies used to strengthen home industries

D. Making corporations pay equally for all items they use

E. Making all items equal in price

29. People are more productive in more developed countries because they

A. are better workers than anyone in LDCs

B. have access to more technology.

C. have a higher value added per person than could ever be possible in an LDC.

D. are better educated than all LDC people.

E. live longer

30. A transnational corporation

A. operates in countries other than the one in which its headquarters are established

B. has the potential to be more economically powerful than a sovereign state

C. takes advantage of global production networks

D. allows corporations to take advantage of the full range of geographical variations in costs

E. all of the above

31. A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

A. bulk-reducing industry. B. perishable industry.

C. site factor. D. specialized manufacturer.

E. capital issue

32. Since 1980, new U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the

A. Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.

B. Northeast, to minimize access to the largest market.

C. Northwest, to minimize labor costs.

D. West, to minimize access to Japan.

E. Southeast, where labor is cheap

33. Industrial areas just outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of

A. access to markets. B. access to raw materials.

C. break-of-bulk points. D. site factors.

E. none of the above

38. An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs is?

A. Bulk-reducing industry

B. Labor-intensive industry

C. Bulk-gaining industry

D. Break-of-bulk point

39. An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs is?

A. Break-of-bulk point

B. Bulk-gaining industry

C. Labor-intensive industry

D. Bulk-reducing industry

41. A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly is called?

A. Fordist

B. Right-to-work state

C. Post-Fordist

D. New international division of labor

43. An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses is called?

A. Economic Base

B. Basic Industries

C. New international division of labor

D. Labor-intensive industry

44. Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico are called?

A. Casas Bonitas

B. Maquiladora

C. Taco Burrito King

D. Mr. Lewis’ House

45. Transfer of some types of jobs especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries is the concept of?

A. New international division of labor

B. Trading Block

C. Break-of-bulk point

D. Brain Drain

46. Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks is what?

A. Fordist

B. Trading bloc

C. Post-Fordist

D. Right-to-work state

47.A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment is known as?

A. Right-to-work state

B. Transnational Corporation

C. Trading Bloc

D. Value added

48. Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital are known as?

A. bulk-reducing industry

B. site factors

C. situation factors

D. footloose industry

49. Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory is are known as?

A. footloose industry

B. site factors

C. situation factors

D. bulk-gaining industry

50. A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing is known as?

A. steel

B. wheat

C. textile

D. lamb

51. A group of neighboring countries that promote trade with each other and erect barriers to limit trade with other blocs is known as?

A. trading bloc

B. Right-to-work state

C. New division of labor

D. Post-Fordist

52. A community’s collection of basic industries is called?

A. Labor-intensive industries

B. Nonbasic industries

C. Economic base

D. Maquiladoras

53. Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement are what?

A. Consumer industries

B. Basic Industries

C. Nonbasic industries

D. Cottage industries

54. The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services is called?

A. Market Area

B. Threshold

C. Range

D. Thinterland

55. The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called?

A. Market Area

B. Carrying Capacity

C. Range

D. Threshold

56. The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service is called?

A. Market Area

B. Threshold

C. Range

D. Distance Decay

57. The extraction of minerals and raw materials consists of which industries?

A. Tertiary

B. Secondary

C. Primary

D. Pentiary

58. Which is an efficient renewable resource?

A. Petroleum

B. Coal

C. Talapia

D. Iron ore

59. Maquiladoras began with?

A. the indigenous insurgency in Chiapas

B. an idea created by Ricardo Montague

C. political endeavors in Mexico

D. the initiation of NAFTA

60. Uneven development is seen in which country?

A. IndiaB. EnglandC. United StatesD. Japan

61. Out of the 25 richest countries in the world, how many are democracies?

A. 23B. 21C. 19D. 17

62. The manufacturing that remains in core countries . . .

A. mainly requires a highly skilled work force

B. is all gone and has been outsourced to LDCs

C. is concentrated along major cities

D. constitute for much of the work force

63. The post-industrial phase constitutes which sector of service?

A. TertiaryB. Secondary

C. PrimaryD. Tenth

64. Global and transnational corporations are based mainly in which region?

A. Northern AsiaB. South America

C. Southeast AsiaD. Western Europe

65. In Mexico, by 1970, foreign interest controlled how much percent of metal products?

A. 88%B. 76%C. 67% D. 51%

66. Due to the core-periphery model, the core has shifted towards all of these except what?

A. High technology industries

B. Global finances

C. Tertiary sector

D. self-sufficiency approach

67. Which industry does the white collar sector constitute?

A. Primary

B. Secondary

C. Tertiary

D. Quaternary

68. The core idea of this theory is that economic development, or growth, is not uniform over an entire region, but instead takes place around a specific area. What is that theory?

Growth Poles Theory

69. What provoked certain areas of the world to specialize at certain jobs?

--Globalization

70. Secondary activities include what two things?

Manufacturing and Processing

71.India and China currently have around what percent of economic growth per year?

9 to 10 percent

72. Economic development is about improving all these key areas except?

A. FarmingB. IndustryC. TransportD. Service

73.Independent organizations, such as charities, which give aid to economically developing countries are called?

Non Government Organisation

74. This is the rates of currency conversion that allows for differences in price levels between countries.

Purchasing Power Parity

75. Investment in one country by firms owned in another country is called what?

Foreign Direct Investment

76. The process by which economic activity leading to prosperity and increasing economic development that tends to concentrate in an area with an initial advantage is called what?

Cumulative causation

77. Which country is the most committed to foreign aid?

A. Denmark

B. JapanC. Italy D. United States

78. What country is the top destination for tourists?

A. Thailand

B. France

C. Mexico

D. Italy

83. Which country had the highest GDP in 1970?

A. France

B. Germany

C. United States

D. Japan

1. What is a consumer service

-provide services to individual consumers

2. What are the two types of consumer services?

-retail and personal

3. Describe the two services

-retail sells objects and personal provide services for well-being and personal improvement (haircut, car repair)

4. What is a producer service

-service for a business

5. What is a transportation service?

-business that diffuses or distributes - Information service is similar in that it distributes something but in that case information.

6. What is a public service?

-provides services for the public good

7. A service only offered in the CBDs of major cities has a high or low threshold and range

-high

8. What is the optimal location in a linear settlement?

-median point

9. How do you determine the optimal point in a non-linear settlement

-identify where all potential users live and measure this distance of the site to all of them find the site which requires the least distance for most

10. What is the rank size rule and what does it show?

- on handout

11. What is a primate city and what does it show?

-on handout

12. What is Rostow's model and what does it say

-on handout

13. What is a world city and why have the become more prominent?

- globalization has helped to centralize power and these cities are wealthy and have very wealthy people living there (London is the most expensive city on the planet). They are centers of business and finance. More in your handout.

14. What are basic and non-basic services?

basic export goods out of the settlement and non sell within the settlement

15. How do European city centers differ from America's downtown

-usually have other things like governemtn offices and churches whereas American CBDs are dominated by offices. Both lack industry. That has gone to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries.

16. What is urbanization

-when the population of cities and urban areas grows

17. What is a metropolitan statistical area?

-urbanized area of a city and the county it is within along with adjacent counties with a high population density. it is the functioning area of a city.

18. How do site and situation factors relate to industries (handout)

19. What is a bulk-reducing or gaining industry?

20. What is a break of bulk point GRA

21. What is a labor intensive industry?

-labor costs make up a high percentage of the cost

22. What is a transnational corporation

-operates factories or has additional headquarters other than in the country of its main headquarters.

23. What is post-fordism and fordism

-GRA

1What is the HDI

-human development index: created by the UN, it recognizes a country's level of development by examining its economic, social and demographic indicators. More details in your GRA

2how many job sectors

-it is current practice to identify 3 job sectors. they used to note five job sectors but now 3,4 and 5 are all lumped into sector three

3what is primary sector

-extract materials from the earth agriculture and mining

4. what is the tertiary sector.

-begins post-industrial phase and these jobs are retail, banking. law, education, and government. It involves the provision of goods and services.

5. In very low LDCs, which job sector would most people work?

-primary

6. In Chicago, how have the job sectors shifted from the fifties to today

-gone from secondary processing and manufacturing jobs to post-industrial tertiary jobs

7. the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy resources is?

-value added

8. essential goods and services include-

food, shelter, and clothing

9. Review 307-314 for an overview of world regions and development

10. What area of the world has the only distinction of significantly declining in its HDI since 1990

-went from a relatively high HDI in 1990 to a lower one by the late 1990s (the fall of communism and the war and disintegration of Yugoslavia) but has now started to go up again and several of those countries have recently joined the EU.

11. Japan's development is remarkable because

-it has a very unfavorable ratio of population to resources

12. How did Japan start out?

-with low wages but now has high end jobs in the tertiary sector and their companies spend twice as much on research and development that US companies.

13. Latin Americans speak 2 languages. name them

-portuguese and spanish

14. What area of Latin America exports a lot of agricultural products

-Brazil and the area along the south Atlantic coast

15. What hinders development in Latin Am?

-many latin american countries have unven dev and lots of poor people with few rich. Brazil has the highest level of wealth disparity of any country in the world.

16. What is the only major world region that enjoys a trade surplus

-middle east - because of oil exports a large part of the US trade deficit is to buy oil form other countries including a little from the mid east'

17. why does the UN rate the middle eastern countries lower on the HDI than you would think given their wealth

-treatment of women lowers their HDI

18. What area of the world has the highest percentage of people living in absolute poverty

-sub-Saharan Africa - absolute poverty means that people do not have enough for essential goods whereas relative poverty is a measure of wealth by comparison to other people of your country. Someone in America may be impoverished but would be wealthy in a poor African country. The American is in relative poverty

1. What is a metropolitan statistical area

-GRA

2. What is an urbanized area

-city and the surrounding built-up suburbs

3.What is a census tract

-roughly 5000 people and when possible corresponding (when possible) to a neighborhood. Includes median income, ethnic backgorunds and percentage of adults that graduated high school

4. What is social area analysis

-study of spatial characteristics of social features

5. What is the most important source of fuel to LDCs

-biomass fuel (wood, plant material, and animal waste) MDCs have converted to coal, oil, nuclear

6. What is a fossil fuel and why is finding a new energy source important

- fuel from the residue of plants and animals (coal and oil). this is non-renewable and unevenly distributed around the world.

7. What is the largest factor that will effect fossil fuel consumption in the future

-rise in the economies of LDCs

8. What causes global warming

-burning of fossil fuels and the pollution from unfiltered / treated air that comes out as a byproduct

-burning of trees in the rainforest

9. Does acid rain only affect the countries that have heavy industries

-no rain can travel and it damages soil and lakes by increasing the levels of acidity causing a toxic environement

10. What are the three main causes of urban air pollution

-carbon monoxide - can come from cars or factories that lack proper filters and causes people to have breathing and health problems when breathed in in large quantities

-hydrocarbons - improper fuel consumption again causes this and these create smog which affects people's breathing and their eyes and creates the haze over cities

- particulates - tiny particles that get into the air. Chicago used to have this problem and was once known as the gritty city

11. What are the main sources of water pollution

-water-using industries or dumping of materials into rivers and waterways

-sewage

-agriculture - runoff of fertilizers and chemicals used in commercial agriculture

12. What are renewable resources

13. What is sustainablity

14. How is this issue going to be more of an issue in the future

-rise of LDCs economically which will use more resources and have many more people.