Culture Unit Test

Unit III Possible Test Questions

1) The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people is a

A) custom. B) popular culture. C) habit. D) taboo. E) religion

2) A fundamental difference between folk culture and popular culture is that folk culture

A) often sets a minority group apart from a region’s general population

B) is adaptive to change over time

C) tends to diffuse rapidly across geographic space

D) loses some of its distinctive characteristics as it crosses national boundaries

E) represents universal values

3) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of

A) homogeneous groups.

B) sense of family and community

C) groups living in isolated rural areas.

D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.

E) groups living in large cities

4) Which of the following characteristics is more typical of a popular culture than a folk culture?

A) It has an anonymous origin.

B) It diffuses slowly from its point of origin.

C) It results in a more uniform landscape.

D) It is likely to be derived from physical conditions.

E) It results in a more heterogeneous landscape

5) Folk cultures are spread primarily by

A) contagious diffusion.

B) hierarchical diffusion.

C) relocation diffusion.

D) stimulus diffusion.

E) none of the above

6) folk customs are more likely than popular customs to

A) evolve from the isolation of different groups.

B) diffuse through modern communication systems.

C) be a part of universalizing religions and not ethnic religions

D) have an known source of origin.

E) evolve from expansion diffusion

7) In contrast to popular culture, folk cultures are more likely to vary

A) from place to place at a given time.

B) from time to time at a given place.

C) both from place to place and from time to time.

D) neither from place to place nor from time to time.

E) both A and B

8) popular customs usually originate from all of the following except

A) the availability of more leisure time.

B) the application of industrial technology.

C) familiar events in daily life.

D) high income levels

E) all of the above

9) Folk customs most frequently originate in

A) more developed countries.

B) less developed countries.

C) former communist countries.

D) equally likely in all of the above

E) equally likely in none of the above

10) A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a

A) folk culture. B) habit. C) popular culture. D) taboo. E) custom

11) A taboo against beef is a characteristic of

A) Judaism and Islam.

B) Judaism and Buddhism.

C) Buddhism.

D) Christianity

E) Hinduism

12) American chains such as Home Depot, McDonald's and Wal Mart

A) promote a uniform landscape.

B) reflect the preservation of folk culture.

C) provide diversity on the U.S. landscape.

D) promote diffusion of folk culture.

E) demonstrate isolation of folk culture

13) A form of a language spoken in a local area is a

A) dialect. B) language branch. C) language family. D) language group. E) lingua franca

14) When people who speak a given language migrate to a different location and become isolated from other members of their tribe

A) their language usually shows very little change even over a long period of time.

B) they immediately develop a literary tradition.

C) isolation usually results in the differentiation of one language into two.

D) they lose their linguistic abilities.

E) both A and D

15) Hebrew is an example of

A) an isolated language. B) an extinct language. C) a revived language. D) a language family. E) dialect

16) The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from

A) thousands of years of isolation between tribal groups.

B) repeated invasions by outsiders.

C) introduction of many different languages by the colonial powers.

D) frequent migration by the different tribal groups.

E) contagious diffusion

17) Franglais is

A) an English words entering the French language.

B) a language that is mutually understood by people who have different native languages.

C) an extinct language that has been revived.

D) an official language in a region of the world different from where the language originated.

E) a dialect

18) An isogloss is

A) a form of a language spoken in a local area.

B) a collection of unique words.

C) a boundary between language regions.

D) all of the above

E) none of the above

19) English is part of which language group?

A) Germanic B) North Germanic C) West Germanic D) Indo-European E) Sino-Tibetan

20) English is part of which language branch?

A) Germanic B) North Germanic C) West Germanic D) Indo-European E) Sino-Tibetan

21) English is part of which language family?

A) Germanic B) North Germanic C) West Germanic D) Indo-European E) Sino-Tibetan

22) With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment

A) ethnic religions more often derive meaningful events from the physical environment.

B) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment.

C) Proselytizing religions are less likely to have many symbols linked to the landscape.

D) All of the above are true.

E) None of the above are true

23) A global religion

A) is based on the physical characteristics of a particular location on Earth.

B) rarely appeals to people living in LDCs.

C) is rarely transmitted through missionaries.

D) is intentionally developed to be a world religion.

E) is not regionally isolated

24) The world's largest universalizing religion is

A) Buddhism. B) Christianity. C) Hinduism . D) Islam. E) Daoism

25) The world's largest ethnic religion is

A) Confucianism. B) Daoism. C) Hinduism. D) Shintoism. E) Buddhism

26) Christianity first diffused from its hearth through

A) contagious diffusion.

B) hierarchical diffusion.

C) relocation diffusion.

D) all of the above were equally important.

E) none of the above are true

27) The dominant branch of Islam is

A) Druze. B) Eastern Orthodoxy. C) Shiite. D) Sunni. E) Persian

28) Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?

A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Judaism

29) Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism

A) remained concentrated in one region of the world.

B) was not begun by an individual founder.

C) was founded in China.

D) worships more than one god.

E) diffused widely

30) Animists believe that

A) people should complete God's creation of the Earth.

B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.

C) people should make complete use of the Earth's resources.

D) natural disasters are preventable.

E) there is one supreme god

31) The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions?

A) animist B) ethnic C) pagan D) universalizing E) none of the above

32) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been

A) highly clustered in present-day Israel.

B) dispersed around the world.

C) concentrated in the United States.

D) forced to live in ghettos.

E) highly clustered in North Africa

33) Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, primarily because

A) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham.

B) it uses a lunar calendar.

C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.

D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.

E) it has widely diffused

34) Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are

A) animism. B) cosmogony. C) monotheism. D) solstice. E) evolution

35) From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the communist government, what was the policy of the government towards religion?

A) All churches were closed.

B) The old church was replaced by Eastern Orthodoxy.

C) Churches remained open but played a limited role.

D) Youth were encouraged to attend so that they could be indoctrinated into communism.

E) None of the above

36) A pilgrim to Varanasi (Benares) in India is most likely to be a

A) Christian B) Jew C) Hindu D) Buddhist E) Muslim

37) Which of the following is not an element of cultural diversity?

A) language B) religion C) ethnicity D) race E) apartheid

38) Which best describes the distribution of ethnicities in the United States?

A) regional concentrations

B) concentrations within cities

C) concentrations within neighborhoods

D) all of the above

E) none of the above

39) Race is

A) characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.

B) self-identification with a group sharing a biological ancestor.

C) determinable from physical characteristics.

D) evenly distributed around the world.

E) all of the above

40) Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau not consider a race?

A) Asian B) Black C) Hispanic/Latino D) White E) all of the above are races

41) White flight is

A) movement of Whites from northern cities.

B) emigration of Whites from an area Blacks where anticipated to move to.

C) establishment of suburbs.

D) decrease in percent Whites because of Black migration from the Southeast.

E) an expansion of the ghetto

42) Conflict in Africa is widespread because of

A) colonial boundaries.

B) numerous ethnic groups.

C) language differences.

D) all of the above

E) none of the above

43) The Lebanese civil war resulted when the country broke down because of

A) ethnic groups.

B) religious groups.

C) changes in the majority between religious groups.

D) independent armies.

E) interference from Syria

44) The process when a group forcibly removes another group is called

A) war.

B) migrational push factors.

C) racism.

D) ethnic cleansing.

E) migration pull factors

45) Cultural landscape is closest in meaning to which of the following?

A) Cultural ecology

B) Nonmaterial culture

C) Environmental determinism

D) Physical environment

E) Built environment

46) The world's fastest growing universalizing religion is

A) Buddhism. B) Christianity. C) Hinduism . D) Islam. E) Daoism

47) Folk culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that

A) Latin American countries are in stage 2, African countries are in stage 3 and both are more likely to have folk customs that countries in stage 4

B) Folk cultures usually go along with societies that have larger, unified families under patriarchs

C) Folk cultures usually have lots of leisure time to develop and maintain traditions

D) Women are usually highly valued for their fertility and gain equal rights and respect through this

E) All of the above

48) Popular culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that it

A) tends to occur in MDC's

B) has family values that have changed to the point where alternate lifestyles and divorce are allowed

C) has values that shift over time

D) can be expected in countries like the U.S. where women are going to college in larger numbers than men

E) All of the above

49) The dominant branch of Islam is

A) Sunni

B) Shiite

C) trick questions- Muslims are both Sunni and Shiite at the same time

D) has taken over the Iraqi government

E) none of the above

50) Mr. Lewis

A) Gives his cats airplane rides

B) Will be rolling around in your scan-trons after the test to try and feel the answers

C) Once killed a man for snoring too loud

D) Got into fights with Mr. Parson's in elementary school

E) All of the Above

Some useful notes from the ppt

Acculturation — an ethnic group adopts enough of the host society’s ways to be able to function economically and socially
Assimilation — a complete blending with the host culture
Involves loss of all distinctive ethnic traits
American host culture now includes many descendants of —Germans, Scots, Irish, French, Swedes, and Welsh
Intermarriage is perhaps the most effective assimilatory device


Ethnic islands develop because “a minority group will tend to utilize space in such a way as to minimize the interaction distance between group members”
The desire is to facilitate contacts within the community and minimize exposure to the outside world
The ideal shape of an ethnic island is circular or hexagonal
People are drawn to rural places where others of the same ethnic background are found
Social stigma is often attached to sale of land to outsiders (think about the idea of a Starbucks coming into one of your ethnic areas)
Small size makes populations more susceptible to acculturation and assimilation

Formal ethnic culture regions occur in cities throughout the world
Minority people tend to create ethnic residential quarters
Ethnic neighborhood — a voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice showing a desire to maintain group cohesiveness

Benefits of the ethnic neighborhood
Common use of language
Nearby kin
Stores and services specially tailored to a certain group’s tastes
Presence of factories relying on ethnically based division of labor
Institutions important to the group — churches and lodges

Represents the effects of chain migration. Groups move and family, friends and relatives move to the same neighborhoods.
Represents relocation diffusion. People move to a new area and take their culture and language with them but do not convert new people to their culture.
Represents how differing cultures can attract people (differing foods, clothing styles, customs).

Assignment due Wed

I think the date was set for Tuesday in the classroom. It is not on the syllabus but since I think many of you could benefit from the extra time and some extra help we shall set the date for Wednesday. This goes for both Schenkers and my classes.

More help

Folk cultures and people within ethnic neighborhoods tend to have much in common. The ethnic groups has spread through relocation diffusion. Usually when people intermarry, that ends the ethnicity. Like folk culture, ethnicity cannot easily grow in size (in America) without losing aspects of itself or without becoming something completely different. This is not true in the case of population growth. In this case, the ethnic group can grow. Like folk culture, ethnicities spread to other countries through relocation diffusion. This explains why ethnic neighborhoods are the way they are. Ethnic neighborhoods are unique because what they have to offer really applies to one ethnic group and cannot grow to far beyond those bounds without changing. The language of the signs, the food, clothing and customs are quite often linked to a set people through religion. This precludes the ability of these neighborhoods to look like others and makes them hard to imitate. Suburban, non-ethnic neighborhoods tend to be dominated by a style that is popular. The chain restaurants serve food that really does not go along with any set ethnicity. The shops have clothing from chains that try and appeal to everyone and do not want to limit their clientèle by looking like they belong to one group. Indian clothing will not get sold at the GAP because the store would worry about frightening away other customers from other backgrounds. The store owners and customers can come from any background and the stores would be careful during the holidays to celebrate whatever holiday it is without giving to much focus on the ethnic group. For example, Christmas turns into a holiday that stores celebrate with Santa Claus and by saying Happy Holidays. The Banana Republic will most likely not have a nativity scene in front of it this year. On the other hand the stores within the ethnic neighborhood will tend to be owned by members of that one ethnicity, tend to sell items that go along exclusively with that ethnicity and tend to be family owned and not part of mass commercial business. The nature of the businesses shows how ethnic neighborhoods are not popular culture.

As for the restaurants, ethnic restaurants tend to be started by recent migrants (again family owned) who take advantage of the fact that their place will be unique. People from their culture will want to go there to have a taste of home and the people from outside of the area will want to go to these places because they will be different. The restaurants are limited in what they can and cannot do. The other people of the migrant group will know what tastes like it comes from home and what does not. The materials that make the food may need to get imported to the area. The cooking methods will have to stay as near as possible to the original methods and since the ethnic people will like to use this as a gathering place, the restaurant will have to be sit down style and offer a backdrop that feels like the native country. The food and the nature of the restaurant cannot imitate the fast style of a McDonald's because these two restaurants are judged differently. The ethnic restaurant will have to appeal to people of the ethnic group and to people who go to the restaurant as outsiders hoping to get a feel for the ethnic culture. The ethnic restaurant can have the menu in two languages (native and English). The ethnic restaurant must be careful to use only those materials that are native to their ethnic homeland. The people will judge the quality of the place based off of the materials that go in, the quality of the cooking (is it in the same style as the home country) and whether or not the restaurant follows the customs and rituals that go along with the ethnic homeland. Ethnic restaurants also have a harder time diffusing and tend to diffuse as the ethnic group relocates to new areas. Usually, it is the people from that ethnic group that know how to create those specific dishes and also the people of that ethnic group and the outsiders expect an ethnic restaurant to be created and run by people from that ethnicity. This limits the ability of the restaurants to expand all over the place. They will tend to expand to the areas where that ethnic groups expands.

A helpful website

I found a helpful website for doing research on the ethnic neighborhood/ group of people anyone chose.

http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/700005.html?entryA

Some useful info for the reports

Ethnic neighborhoods are nodal (One definition: A region delineated in terms of linkages or economic interactions that are typically organized as a trade area about a dominant location, center, or economic activity.). This means that they tend to have a center from which they start and then as you get further and further from the center, they tend to dissipate. Usually at the center, you have mixed-use zones where apartment buildings mix with store locations. This area has the highest concentration of the ethnic group. Also within the center, you tend to have the locations that bring everyone from that ethnic group to that area. You have stores, groceries, restaurants, clothing shops and community clubs there. People that feel a strong connection to their ethnic background will tend to go to the center (recent immigrants).
This center will also tend to draw in outsiders who may want to go to the area for its unique restaurants and flavor. The outsiders may not live in the area nor want to but they may like to visit the ethnic center for its distinctness. The center will have independently owned businesses that may mirror in architectural design the buildings of the migrants' homelands. The centers will have differing languages on their signs and symbols which separate the area from the rest of the city.
These ethnic neighborhoods tend to be composed of recent immigrants (first or second generation). Later generations tend to assimilate more into a popular culture America. Later immigrants, especially in America, also are more to intermarry with other ethnic groups makign it difficult to keep ethnic hoods going. The children of two differing ethnic groups are less likely to take on one ethnicity as theirs and to learn all of the factors that go with it (religion, language, customs). Ethnic neighborhoods are dominated by folk culture and the traits and diffusion styles that go with folk culture apply to these neighborhoods. They have been created by relocation diffusion. New people are not joining this culture, people from the ethnic homeland are coming to the area and through relocation diffusion have spread the folk culture geographically. The ethnic neighborhood will grow if the population grows. This means a steady flow of the people coming into the country or that they are having more children. Of course later generations of the immigrant group may not feel the connection to their parents ethnicity and again this especially true of mixed marriages.
Ethnic neighborhoods tend to change the physical landscape in a variety of ways. First of the buildings can be changed to match the architecture styles of the ethnic homeland. Secondly, the languages that appear on signs will go along with that ethnic group. Thirdly, street signs may get renamed. Fourthly, the burial practices of the ethnic group could change the physical look of the landscape. Fifthly, anything else goes. The street lamps could be changed to match those of the country of origin. The arrangement of the tiles on the sidewalk could differ. The Portuguese are well known for liking tile mosaic. In some cases murals may be painted on buildings. There could be banners hanging across the street or it could be the neighborhoods name and perhaps the city has decided to put up markers officially naming that neighborhood after an ethnic group.

Due Date For Neighborhood Project

Is the due date for the ethnic neighborhood project due on monday?

Ethnic Chicago Book

This is the website of the book

http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0802870538&id=2JbU1d9Xil0C&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&ots=vJ88nSmqA1&dq=Ethnic+Chicago&sig=g7akNnFk-X9faJufkHRRZ8CiIEY#PPP1,M1

You can find infomation about the ethnicity by scrolling though it. Although it only shows parts of the book.

for the ethnic neighborhood....should we type it up or do it in a different format, cuz i know you'll be making it into a powerpoint, so type it up and give you the pictures or emal them to you or what? thanks!!!

Confuzzledd

do we need notes for chapter 4????????

notes

do we also do chapter 7 notes from the book?

Ethnic Neighborhood Project

Virtual Tour of Ethnic Chicago

1How do migration patterns apply to the neighborhood?

-nodal

2Are there substrates within the ethnic neighborhood?

3What forms of diffusion apply to ethnic neighborhoods? How does this relate to the nature of folk culture versus the nature of popular culture?

4What is the effect of an ethnic culture on the landscape and how does that help create an ethnic neighborhood?

5In what ways has the culture shown signs of acculturation and / or assimilation?

6How does an ethnic neighborhood come into existence?

7History of the ethnic neighborhood.

8What do ethnic neighborhoods do to attract outsiders / people of the same ethnicity?

9How many people from this ethnic background have come to Chicago and this area? What are the demographic numbers?

10Bring or copy a menu from an ethnic restaurant. Also make sure to try some of the ethnic food (have bill). This can be from a grocery store or from a restaurant. How does the term authentic apply to an ethnic restaurant in a way that it does not to a popular culture restaurant? Mention your restaurant in the answer.

11Interview someone from the neighborhood or someone who once lived in the neighborhood. Ask a minimum of five questions and include the answers in your report.

12Take pictures and explain how the pictures relate to any of the points you make in your report. You must take at least six pictures and be in at least four of them.

13Have fun! Or else!

EC Bring food the day of the festival

Folk Question Set Question

Are we supposed to do that essay review thing below the question set in the handout section?
Thanks

Homework

Do we do the essay portion for the homework due tuesday

Folk and Culture 2

I'm a bit confused about what assignment is due tommorow, is the folk and culture qset2 called "Bungalows and Folk Culture Questions"? I have also heard that for tommorow we only have to do the Bungalow questions, can anyone verifiy this?

HMWK

Do the folk culture questions on Bungalows and more. I listed it as the assignment in the handout section. Hit refresh if it does not already say it but it should say that it is the assignment for the 14th. Also use the powerpoint listed towards the top of the handout section. There is one on the Chicago bungalows. Do this only if your notes are incomplete.

Homework

Yea maybe it is kinda too soon but Mr. Lewis, can you tell where can i find this homework that is due Tuesday? It is definately not in the handouts section because there is no assignment matching the assignment due Tuesday on the Homework section of the website. Id really appreciate a response before sunday. Thanks

Lewis Classes

Have your questions from yesterday. You must have them and they had better be good. Second, you do have an assignment due tomorrow. DO IT and have those questions for me.

Essay Review

Are we supposed to do the Essay Review with the assignment due on Friday.

indian wedding article

has anyone found the indianwedding article? i looked in the newspaper article folder and i didnt find it... i only saw indian marriages...

Map Quiz

Exactly, what areas are we supposed to know for the map quiz tomorrow??? Everything in Europe?

About Questions 4 and 5

do we have to answer each of the questions (1-3) from pages 221 (also those from pages 256) separately or can we answer them together in paragraph form?

EMQ#3

Hey what are the names of the articles dealing with France and Muslims?
Thanks

Holiday Q set

Check out the description in the handout section. There are two textbook questions to answer.