all the quetions in one spot - note some hints and other good info below nad even more later today

Unit VI Test Bank

1. The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is

A. widening.

B. remaining constant.

C. decreasing.

D. zero.

E. negative

2. The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy

A. level of development.

B. gross domestic product.

C. productivity.

D. value added.

E. development

3. Per capita means?

A. for each person

B. the number of countries below the poverty level

C. the distribution of wealth within a country

D. the spatial distribution of global wealth

E. the level of industry within a country

4. An example of a primary sector activity is

A. education.

B. manufacturing.

C. mining.

D. retailing.

E. shipping

5. The tertiary sector includes all but which of the following?

A. transportation

B. producer services

C. government

D. construction

E. education

6. The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that

A. the country imports most of its food.

B. few people are unemployed.

C. most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.

D. the country exports most of its food

E. most people must produce food for their own survival.

7. The value of a product compared to the amount of labor required to make it

A. gross domestic product.

B. value added.

C. tertiary sector.

D. gross national product

E. productivity.

8. Which of the following is not an indicator of a country's level of development?

A. infant mortality rate

B. crude death rate

C. age structure

D. natural increase rate

E. both B and D

9. Petroleum reserves in the Middle East are

A. clustered primarily in the Persian Gulf states.

B. dispersed throughout the region.

C. concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.

D. primarily in Saudi Arabia.

E. clustered primarily along the Red Sea

10. According to Rostow's development model, the process towards economic maturity happens when

A. a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.

B. an elite group initiates innovative activities.

C. take-off industries achieve technical advances.

D. workers become skilled and specialized and technology diffuses to many industries.

E. per capita GDP exceeds $5,000

11. According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify which of its following assets?

A. abundant agricultural products

B. high quality manufactured goods

C. imports to be limited

D. low cost distribution networks

E. none of the above

12. The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is

A. overdevelopment of LDCs

B. increased price of petroleum.

C. regional cooperation.

D. unequal distribution of resources.

E. increased demand for many goods.

13. In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development

A. begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.

B. This system tries to ensure that rural areas are roughly equal to urban areas in terms of developing

C. India is an example of this kind of country which spreads investment equally among economic sectors.

D. focuses on one industry to begin development

E. Both B and C

14. The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote

A. balanced growth of all economic sectors.

B. global competitiveness for local industries.

C. the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.

D. unequal distribution of resources.

E. the dependency theory

15. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the distribution of industry was

A. clustered.

B. concentrated.

C. dispersed.

D. randomly distributed.

E. all of the above

16. Eastern North America is the continent's manufacturing center in part because it has access to the continent's

A . largest markets

B. most extensive sources of essential raw materials.

C. best-maintained transportation systems.

D. all of the above

E. both A and C

17. Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to

A. avoid labor unions.

B. minimize production costs inside the plant.

C. minimize transport costs.

D. identify unique characteristics of a particular location.

E. increase bulk-reducing industries

18. The location of a maquiladora plant is a good example of the importance of

A. product size determining a location

B. labor costs and government restrictions determining a location

C. Post-Fordist production.

D. break-of-bulk points.

E. both a and b

19. A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near

A. break-of-bulk points.

B. consumers.

C. raw materials.

D. suburbs.

E. markets

20. Copper mining is an example of

A. perishable industry.

B. specialized industry.

C. bulk-gaining industry.

D. communications-oriented industry.

E. bulk-reducing industry

21. A manufacturer of women's and children's underwear is more likely than Google to

A. relocate in a developing country B. go out of business C. need more capital.

D. all of the above E. both A and C

22. Demand for many industrial goods in more developed countries has been stagnant in recent years, in part because of

A. low prices for many goods.

B. market saturation.

C. rapid population growth.

D. substantial salary increases.

E. lack of labor

23. By subsidizing industries such as steel and textile, governments contribute to the global problem of

A. higher prices.

B. stagnation

C. lower consumer demand.

D. oversupply.

E. job loss.

24. Transnational corporations have transferred some work to less developed countries because of access to

A. government subsidies.

B. labor.

C. markets.

D. raw materials.

E. capital

25. In contrast to fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to

A. be repetitive

B. place more importance on site factors.

C. assign each worker one task.

D. dominate transnational corporations.

E. introduce more flexible work rules.

26. Maquiladoras are possible because of the change in what type of function of our border?

A. operational B locational C situational D linguistic E Girastic

27. What two features best characterize the changes affected by the Industrial Revolution?

A. service industries and information processing

B. technological innovation and specialization

C. improved farm implements and the development of hybrid seeds

D. higher literacy rates and decreased population doubling time

E. well-equipped professional armies and the deployment of nuclear weapons

28. Which of these statements about core-periphery relationships is correct in characterizing the global economic system?

A. It works to the advantage of periphery countries

B. It works to the disadvantage of core countries

C. It works to the advantage of both core and periphery countries

D. It works to the disadvantage of periphery countries

E. It is irrelevant in a complex worldwide economic system

29. An industry is said to be footloose if

A. transport costs have little bearing on location

B. transport costs determine location

C. power costs determine location

D. borders of a country do make a difference in its location

E. labor costs determine location

30. Which of the following is not typically defined as one of the four key determinants of development?

A. Per capita GDP B. Literacy rate

C. physical environment D. Life expectancy

E. Amount of education

31. Purchasing power parity refers to

A. the goal of reforming trade to make it more equitable

B. a monetary measurement that takes into account what money actually buys

C. subsidies used to strengthen home industries

D. Making corporations pay equally for all items they use

E. Making all items equal in price

32. People are more productive in more developed countries because they

A. are better workers than anyone in LDCs

B. have access to more technology.

C. have a higher value added per person than could ever be possible in an LDC.

D. are better educated than all LDC people.

E. live longer

33. The lifespan of women and their survival rate from birth would be relevant to which

A. The Gender-Related Development Index

B. The Human Development Index

C. The Gender Empowerment Measure

D. Rostow’s development model

E. The international trade approach

34. Assumptions in Rostow’s development model include all of the following except

A. the world is the same as when MDCs moved through the model

B. every country will move from step 1 through step 5

C. LDCs do not face additional barriers due to a crowded field

D. development somewhere requires underdevelopment somewhere else

E. both B and D

35. A transnational corporation

A. operates in countries other than the one in which its headquarters are established

B. has the potential to be more economically powerful than a sovereign state

C. takes advantage of global production networks

D. allows corporations to take advantage of the full range of geographical variations in costs

E. all of the above

36. A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a

A. bulk-reducing industry. B. perishable industry.

C. site factor. D. specialized manufacturer.

E. capital issue

37. Since 1980, new U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the

A. Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.

B. Northeast, to minimize access to the largest market.

C. Sunbelt, to minimize labor costs.

D. West, to minimize access to Japan.

E. Southeast, where labor is cheap

38. Industrial areas outside North America and Europe have become increasingly important in recent years primarily because of

A. access to markets. B. access to raw materials.

C. break-of-bulk points. D. site factors.

E. situation factors

39. All of the following are examples of perishable products except

A. daily newspaper B. milk

C. steel D. all of the above are perishable products

E. both A and B

40. Of the three steps of textile production, which is more dependant on situation factors?

A. Spinning B. Weaving C. Sewing D. all equally dependant E. none are dependant

41. Which of the following explains why the most basic industrial problem on a global scale is a gap between the world demand for products and the world capacity to supply them?

A. Stagnant demand B. Increased capacity worldwide

C. Expanding markets D. Lack of surplus

E. both A and B

42. The most significant benefit of EPZs for LDCs is

A. the influx of foreign-owned businesses

B. improved jobs skills for workers

C. creation of employment opportunities

D. money made from tariffs

E. high wages

43. Which of the following are negative aspects of EPZs?

A. Components are not locally purchased

B. LDC must provide infrastructure

C. Concessions often outweigh benefits

D. Low wage jobs

E. All of the above

Some hints at the ways I will make these multiple choice questions.

-what factors cause agglomeration
---think about the types of jobs (sector) and how they can create other jobs
---think about infrasturcture for one factory and how that can encourage other factories to
come
-how can agglomeration be both a negative and a positive factor
---how can the creation of a bunch of factories be positive
---what about second sector jobs is negative (think about environmental impacts)
-What factor creates the largest difference in culture between countries
-which job sectors have the largest impact on the environment
-what is deindustrialization and where is it occurring and why
---you should know where this occuring and how it relates to the core periphery and
information we talked about with job sectors
-what are the main areas where industrialization occurred and how did it diffuse from there
---you need to read this section in your texts
-what job sector do countries need to get into in order to start developing
---I could even rephrase this to ask why 2nd sector does this and first not (think
multiplier effect, agglomeration, and disposable income)
-what was the main difference between Ghana and South Korea between 1950
---think about the job sectors, stability, nation state and stability
-what are the McDonald factors that allow a country to develop and get factories
---have a list in mind of all of the things a McD's needs and how that relate to
factories
-be able to define location theory, variable costs, least cost theory, agglomeration, deglomeration
---I am going to put up a series of questions with these and use part of the definition in
the question and you are going to need to know which one it goes with
-How do distance decay and friction of distance relate to the location of Industries
---think about transportation costs, the size of the object and where those
factories tend to be. car factories in Mexico; toy facotires in China
---where do they want to be closest to
---what do they wish to take advantage of
---in other words where is their market and what costs are they trying to minimize
-what is an an intensive labor industry and why are they the most likely to relocate
---this one is answered in the class notes posted on the blog on Friday
-what are the new industrial areas
---think about that core-periphery model and that new term semi-peripheral
-know what the core-periphery model is, when it started and which countries this applies to at a regional scale
-know what a semi-peripheral country is and which countries that applies to best
-know what uneven development is and apply it to terms like technology gap, and longevity gap
-know what the level of development indicators are and when to use them
-know what fordism and post-fordism is and why this has changed in modern times
-be able to define just-in-time delivery, global division of labor, break of bulk point
-know what NAFTA, WTO, and EU are
-know what a technopole is as well as a high tech corridor and where you can find some